A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on the knowledge regarding prevention of Malnutrition among the mothers of under five Children in selected Urban area at Visnagar

Ms. Nisha Patel

Nursing Tutor, Nootan College of Nursing, Visnagar, Dist: Mehsana.

*Corresponding Author Email: nishapatel3348@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Objective: 1. To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition among mother of under five children in the selected urban area at visnagar. 2. To find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on prevention of malnutrition among mothers of under five children in the selected urban area of visnagar. 3. To plan making and implant planned teaching programme regarding malnutrition among mothers of under five children in the selected area of visnagar. Methods: Quantitative approach was used with one group pre-test and post-test design. The investigator used simple random sampling technique for selecting the 40 samples. A planned knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the knowledge of the sample. The data obtain were analysed and interpreted in the light of objectives and hypotheses using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Sample characteristics revealed that the entire samples were female. Majorities were with primary education and some of them are illiterate and graduate also. The significant findings of the study were the subjects gained significantly higher knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition. Result: The result of the study show that majority of children (52.5%) were in age group of 2-3 years majority of subject (65%) were in age group of 20-3-year, most of them have (50%) of income per month was below 5000 a maximum (40%) mother have processed primary education, maximum mother have (55%) have one child, and they belong to (82.5) were hindu religion. A majority of participants (57.5%) belong to nuclear family and majority of mother (43.54%) have continue breast feeding 6 month to 1 year. The knowledge pre-test, post-test mean score difference was 5.06 their was significant increase in post test score on knowledge on knowledge of mother regarding prevention of malnutrition in under five children after a planned in under five children after a planned teaching programme. Post test score revealed that out of 40 has 10 mother has good knowledge, 30 mother has excellent knowledge. The finding of the study revealed that educating mothers would be effective in updating them in preventing malnutrition in children.

KEYWORDS: Malnutrition, questionnaire, descriptive and inferential statistics.

INTRODUCTION:

· Nutrition is the sum total of the process involved in the intake and utilization of food substances by living organisms including ingestion, digestion, absorption transport and metabolism of nutrients found in food.

· Adequate nutrition during early childhood is fundamental to the development of each child’s potential. It is established that the period from birth to two years of age is a ‘’critical window ‘’for the promotion of optimal growth, health and overall survival of children.

· Good food is important for good health, children who are well fed during the first two years of life are more likely to stay healthy for the rest of their childhood .During the first six months of child’s life, breast milk alone is the ideal food .it contains all the nutrients needed for healthy growth as well as immune factors that protect against common childhood infections.

· Good nutrition is the cornerstone for survival, health and development for current and succeeding generations. Well-nourished children perform better in school, grow in to healthy adults and in turn give their children a better start in life. The united- nations children fund (UNICEF) and the ministry of health (MOH), Ghana recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of the infant’s life. Children between the ages of six months and four years who do not enough of the right types of food to eat easily become malnourished according to UNICEF (2006) each under- nutrition contributes to the deaths of about 5-6milion children younger than five are under weight and at increased risk of early death, illness, disability, and under achievement. UNICEF reports that, in the least developed counties 42% of children are stunted and 36% are under weight as a result of poor nutrition or under nutrition.

· The world health organization (WHO) refers to malnutrition as “failure of cells to perform their physical functions due to inability to receive and use the energy and nutrients needed in terms of amount, mix and timelines. waterlow and Insel (1995) described malnutrition as “failing health that results from long standing faulty nutrition that either fails to meet or greatly exceeds inappropriateness of the food taken. Again, Harrison and warerlow (1990) defined malnutrition as the effects of any nutrient deficiency including energy, protein and micronutrients.”

· Malnutrition can be operationally defined as a lack essential nutrients or failure to use available foods to best advantage (barasi 1997). Malnutrition affects physical growth, morbidity, mortality, cognitive development, reproduction and physical work capacity and it consequently impacts on human performance, health and survival. A well –nourished child is one whose weight and height measurements compare very well with the standard normal distribution of heights and weight of healthy children of same age and sex.

· In this perspective, malnutrition is not less food without the needed nutrients present. It is rather the failure of cells to perform their physiological functions due to inability to receive and use the nutrients in the right proportion.

· Malnutrition especially among young children is widespread problem in most developing countries. Over one hundred million children less than five years of age suffer from protein energy malnutrition and more than ten million of them suffer from severe protein energy malnutrition, which is usually fatal if untreated malnutrition refers to disorder resulting from an inadequate diet or failure to absorb or assimilate dietary elements.

· Malnutrition may involve under nutrition and include the symptoms of deficiency diseases or it may be due to over-nutrition arising from excessive intake of nutrients.

· Under–nourished children have lowered resistance to infection, they are likely to die from common childhood ailments like diarrhoeal disease and respiratory infections and for those who survive, frequent illness saps their nutritional status, locking them in to a vicious cycle of recurring sickness and faltering growth.

· Malnutrition is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality in low income countries.

Complication from malnutrition are anaemia in children, convulsion, poor mental or cognitive development, stunting.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

“Disease–Free young children are the pillars of our nations”

· A nation’s health depends on healthy citizens. A healthy adult emerges from a healthy child .children are priceless resources and if the nation neglects their health, it would become nation of unhealthy citizens.

· Malnutrition is a “man- made disease “which often starts in the womb and end in the tomb. Malnutrition is defined as any nutritional disorder caused by an insufficient, unbalance, or excessive diet or impaired absorption or assimilation of nutrients by the body .it is a state wherein adequate nutrients are not delivered to the cells to provide the substrate for optimal functioning. The term malnutrition include both under nutrition as well as over nutrition.

· In India about 2/3 portion of the under five children of our country is malnourished among them 5-8% is severely malnourished whole rest fall in the group of mild, moderate malnutrition so it can be said that malnutrition is one of the most wide spread conditions affecting child health. More than 1/3 of the world’s children who are wasted live in India.

· In India nearly 75% of the population reside in village of the total rural population around 50% is still under the poverty lines. Majority of children in India are not in a position to get adequate nourishment because of very low income of their families. A significant proportion of these children live in economic and social environment which impedes the child’s physical and mental development, this condition include poverty, poor environment sanitation disease infection and inadequate access to primary health care, inappropriate child caring and feeding practices.

· In India 44% of children under the age of 5 are underweight 72% of infants.

· 41.6% of Gujarat’s kids stunted find UNICEF study Gujarat is battling malnutrition, with around 10.1 % children in the state being grossly underweight and 41.6% of children showing stunted growth.

· Mehsana have an average 40% stunted children.

· In visnagar have under-weight 41% of children showing stunted growth.

OBJECTIVEE OF THE STUDY:

· To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition among mother of under five children in the selected urban area at visnagar.

· To find out the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on prevention of malnutrition among mothers of under five children in the selected urban area of visnagar.

· To plan making and implant planned teaching programme regarding malnutrition among mothers of under five children in the selected area of visnagar.

HYPOTHESIS:

· There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score among the mothers of under five children.

· There will be significant difference between the pre- test knowledge score with their selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTIONN:

1. MOTHER:

May have some knowledge regarding malnutrition.

2. PANNED TEACHING PROGRAM:

· On prevention of malnutrition help in improving the knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition among the mothers of under five children in selected urban area at visnagar.

MATERIAL AND METHORD:

Per-experimental one group pre-test, post-test research design and qualitative research approach are used to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition among mother of under five children convenient sampling techniques were used. A Planned knowledge questionnaire was selected to assess the knowledge regarding prevention of malnutrition among mother of under five children in the selected urban area at visnagar.

RESULT AND INTERPRETATION:

The result of the study show that majority of children (52.5%) were in age group of 2-3 years majority of subject (65%) were in age group of 20-30- year, most of them have (50%) of income per month was below 5000 a maximum (40%) mother have processed primary education, maximum mother have (55%) have one child, and they belong to (82.5) were hindu religion. A majority of participants (57.5%) belong to nuclear family and majority of mother (43.54%) have continue breast feeding 6 month to 1 year. The knowledge pre-test, post-test mean score difference was 5.06 their was significant increase in post test score on knowledge on knowledge of mother regarding prevention of malnutrition in under five children after a planned in under five children after a planned teaching programme. Post test score revealed that out of 40 has 10 mother has good knowledge, 30 mother has excellent knowledge.

The finding of the study revealed that educating mothers would be effective in updating them in preventing malnutrition in children.

CONCLUSION:

Knowledge deficit existed in all the areas of prevention of malnutrition, the finding indicate that this planned teaching programme was effective strategy in bringing about changes of cognitive and effective behaviour of mother of under five year children in selected areas in Visnagar. Regarding prevention of malnutrition, mother of under five year childern gained significant increase in knowledge show that planned teaching programme was effective. The planned teaching programme in prevention of malnutrition was acceptable and useful method of teaching for mother of under five children.

REFERENCE:

1. http://www.medicalnewsstoday.com

2. http://www.healthline.com

3. http://www.nhs.uk

4. http://www.who.int

5. Rimpal sharma, “Essential of Pediatric Nursing”, First edition, Jaypee Brothrer Medical Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi

6. Parul datta, “Pediatric Nursing”, Third Edition, First Jaypee Brothrer Medical Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi

Received on 28.04.2020 Modified on 09.06.2020

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2020; 10(4):529-531.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2020.00114.7